Questões sobre Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

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Listagem de Questões sobre Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

#Questão 1023029 - Inglês, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension, CESPE / CEBRASPE, 2022, TCE-SC, Auditor Fiscal de Controle Externo - Ciência da Computação


    During a ransomware hack, attackers infiltrate a target’s computer system and encrypt its data. They then demand a payment before they will release the decryption key to free the system. This type of extortion has existed for decades, but in the 2010s it exploded in popularity, with online gangs holding local governments, infrastructure and even hospitals hostage. Ransomware is a collective problem—and solving it will require collaborative action from companies, the government and international partners.

     As long as victims keep paying, hackers will keep profiting from this type of attack. But cybersecurity experts are divided on whether the government should prohibit the paying of ransoms. Such a ban would disincentivize hackers, but it would also place some organizations in a moral quandary. For, say, a hospital, unlocking the computer systems as quickly as possible could be a matter of life or death for patients, and the fastest option may be to pay up.

     Collective action can help. If all organizations that fall victim to ransomware report their attacks, they will contribute to a trove of valuable data, which can be used to strike back against attackers. For example, certain ransomware gangs may use the exact same type of encryption in all their attacks. “White hat” hackers can and do study these trends, which allows them to retrieve and publish the decryption keys for specific types of ransomware. Many companies, however, remain reluctant to admit they have experienced a breach, wishing to avoid potential bad press. Overcoming that reluctance may require legislation, such as a bill introduced in the Senate last year that would require companies to report having paid a ransom within 24 hours of the transaction.

Internet:<www.scientificamerican.com>(adapted). 



Judge the following items according to the text above. 


It can be inferred from the text that ransomware is a type of malicious software designed to block access to a computer system until a sum of money is paid. 

#Questão 1023048 - Inglês, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension, CESPE / CEBRASPE, 2022, ANM, Especialista em Recursos Minerais

After two collapses, a third dam at ‘imminent risk of rupture’

  A dam holding back mining waste from a Brazilian miner is at risk of collapsing, a government audit says. The same company was responsible for two tailings dam collapses since 2015 that unleashed millions of gallons of toxic sludge and killed hundreds of people in Brazil’s southeastern state of Minas Gerais, which has been known worldwide as the Brumadinho Dam Collapse.
   The retired Xingu dam at Alegria iron ore mine in Mariana — the same municipality where a tailings dam collapsed in November 2015 in what’s considered Brazil’s worst environmental disaster to date — is at “serious and imminent risk of rupture by liquefaction,” according to an audit report from a local state organ. The report says the Xingu dam “does not present stability conditions.” “It is, therefore, an extremely serious situation that puts at risk workers who perform activities, access or remain on the crest, on the downstream slopes, in the flood area and in the area on the tailings upstream of the dam,” the document says.
  The ANM (National Mining Agency) rated the Xingu dam’s safety at level 2 in a September 2020 assessment, after requesting the company to improve the structure. The miner has fulfilled part of the request, but has sought a deadline extension for other repair works, without major changes in the structure. In its most recent inspection, ANM identified structural problems where no corrective measures had been implemented. 

Internet: <news.mongabay.com> (adapted).


Based on the text above, judge the following item.

Never before has the company mentioned in the text been responsible for tailings dam collapses in Brazil. 

#Questão 1023049 - Inglês, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension, CESPE / CEBRASPE, 2022, ANM, Especialista em Recursos Minerais

After two collapses, a third dam at ‘imminent risk of rupture’

  A dam holding back mining waste from a Brazilian miner is at risk of collapsing, a government audit says. The same company was responsible for two tailings dam collapses since 2015 that unleashed millions of gallons of toxic sludge and killed hundreds of people in Brazil’s southeastern state of Minas Gerais, which has been known worldwide as the Brumadinho Dam Collapse.
   The retired Xingu dam at Alegria iron ore mine in Mariana — the same municipality where a tailings dam collapsed in November 2015 in what’s considered Brazil’s worst environmental disaster to date — is at “serious and imminent risk of rupture by liquefaction,” according to an audit report from a local state organ. The report says the Xingu dam “does not present stability conditions.” “It is, therefore, an extremely serious situation that puts at risk workers who perform activities, access or remain on the crest, on the downstream slopes, in the flood area and in the area on the tailings upstream of the dam,” the document says.
  The ANM (National Mining Agency) rated the Xingu dam’s safety at level 2 in a September 2020 assessment, after requesting the company to improve the structure. The miner has fulfilled part of the request, but has sought a deadline extension for other repair works, without major changes in the structure. In its most recent inspection, ANM identified structural problems where no corrective measures had been implemented. 

Internet: <news.mongabay.com> (adapted).


Based on the text above, judge the following item.

The text informs that the ANM has already checked on the Xingu dam, has requested the miner to improve the structure and has also fulfilled part of the request. 

#Questão 1023147 - Inglês, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension, CESPE / CEBRASPE, 2022, Petrobras, Administração

Judge the following item, based on the previous text.



According to the text, the speculations about extraterrestrial life started in the late 1800s due to canal-like features observed on Mars.

#Questão 1023148 - Inglês, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension, CESPE / CEBRASPE, 2022, Petrobras, Administração

      Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun — a dusty, cold, desert world with a very thin atmosphere. Mars is also a dynamic planet with seasons, polar ice caps, canyons, extinct volcanoes, and evidence that it was even more active in the past.

      No other planet has captured our collective imagination quite like Mars.

      In the late 1800s when people first observed the canal-like features on Mars’ surface, many speculated that an intelligent alien species resided there. This led to numerous stories about Martians, some of whom invade Earth, like in the 1938 radio drama, The War of the Worlds. According to an enduring urban legend, many listeners believed the story to be real news coverage of an invasion, causing widespread panic.

      Countless stories since have taken place on Mars or explored the possibilities of its Martian inhabitants. Movies like Total Recall (1990 and 2012) take us to a terraformed Mars and a struggling colony running out of air. A Martian colony and Earth have a prickly relationship in The Expanse television series and novels. 


Internet: <www.solarsystem.nasa.gov> (adapted). 



Judge the following item, based on the previous text.



The War of the Worlds was a radio drama that told the real story of an invasion from Mars, panicking countless people.

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